What is the distinction between civil and criminal liability?

Civil liability and criminal liability are fundamentally different aspects of the legal system, with distinct processes and implications. Civil liability pertains to cases where private individuals or entities seek compensation or remediation for harm or injuries caused by another party's actions, which can arise from contract disputes, negligence, or torts. In these matters, the burden of proof is typically lower, often requiring a preponderance of the evidence.

On the other hand, criminal liability arises when a person is accused of violating laws that the state has established to protect society. These are offenses against the state or public, and they can lead to penalties such as fines, community service, probation, or imprisonment. The prosecution in a criminal case must prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, which is a higher standard than that found in civil cases.

This understanding clearly highlights the nature of civil liability as involving private disputes, whereas criminal liability encompasses public offenses that warrant state intervention. Recognizing this distinction is crucial for understanding the different purposes and outcomes associated with each type of liability within the legal framework.